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<title>3-La_qualite</title></head><body><article class="markdown-body"><h1>
<a id="user-content-queest-ce-que-la-qualité-" class="anchor" href="#queest-ce-que-la-qualit%C3%A9-" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Que'est-ce que la qualité ?</h1>
<p>La notion de qualité a évolué en informatique depuis 1951 :</p>
<ul>
<li>L'aptitude à l'usage (1951)</li>
<li>La conformité aux spécifications (1979)</li>
<li>L'aptitude à satisfaure le client (1984)</li>
<li>L'anticipation des besoins (2000)</li>
<li>La citoyenneté (2010 ?)</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-les-4-composantes-de-la-qualité" class="anchor" href="#les-4-composantes-de-la-qualit%C3%A9" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Les 4 composantes de la qualité</h2>
<ul>
<li>Qualité de définition</li>
<li>Qualité de conception</li>
<li>Qualité de réalisation</li>
<li>Qualité de service</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-les-enjeux-de-la-qualité" class="anchor" href="#les-enjeux-de-la-qualit%C3%A9" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Les enjeux de la qualité</h2>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-enjeu-pour-le-client" class="anchor" href="#enjeu-pour-le-client" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Enjeu pour le client</h3>
<ul>
<li>La satisfaction
<ul>
<li>Il oublie le prix qu'il a payé</li>
<li>Il oublie le temps pendant lequel il a impatiemment attendu car prix et livraison n'ont lieu qu'une seule fois</li>
<li>Il se souvient des services qu'elle lui a rendus... ou refusés, car <strong>l'usage est de tous les jours</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>La fidélisation qui rapporte plus que la conquête</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-enjeu-pour-le-collaborateur" class="anchor" href="#enjeu-pour-le-collaborateur" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Enjeu pour le collaborateur</h3>
<ul>
<li>Implication : Toute personne peut contribuer à l'amélioration de son travail</li>
<li>Un mangement mobilisateur</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-pour-lentreprise" class="anchor" href="#pour-lentreprise" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Pour l'entreprise</h3>
<ul>
<li>Du savoir faire et des économies, car c'est la non-qualité qui coûte cher :
<ul>
<li>3.9% du CA</li>
<li>10.6% de sa VA</li>
<li>2/3 de son bénéfice brut</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-la-qualité-du-développement-informatique" class="anchor" href="#la-qualit%C3%A9-du-d%C3%A9veloppement-informatique" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>La qualité du développement informatique</h2>
<p>Deux angles pour un logiciel :</p>
<ul>
<li>Les fonctions qu'il réalise</li>
<li>Les caractéristiques de l'utilisation qui comprend :
<ul>
<li>Ergonomie</li>
<li>Conditions d'exploitation</li>
<li>Correction des erreurs résiduelles</li>
<li>Évolutions fonctionnelles</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-lévaluation-sur-norme-iso-9126" class="anchor" href="#l%C3%A9valuation-sur-norme-iso-9126" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>L'évaluation sur norme ISO 9126</h2>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-6-caractéristiques" class="anchor" href="#6-caract%C3%A9ristiques" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>6 caractéristiques</h3>
<ul>
<li>Capacité fonctionnelle</li>
<li>Fiabilité</li>
<li>Facilité d'utilisation</li>
<li>Efficacité</li>
<li>Capacité à être maintenu</li>
<li>Portabilité</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-21-sous-caractéristiques" class="anchor" href="#21-sous-caract%C3%A9ristiques" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>21 sous-caractéristiques</h3>
<h4>
<a id="user-content-capacité-fonctionnelle" class="anchor" href="#capacit%C3%A9-fonctionnelle" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Capacité fonctionnelle</h4>
<ul>
<li>Aptitude : Les fonctions sont celles qui satisfont aux besoins exprimés et implicites pour des tâches données.</li>
<li>Exactitude : La fourniture des résultats ou d'effets justes ou convenus. Par exemple, cela comprend le degré nécessaire de précision des valeurs calculées.</li>
<li>Interopérabilité : Sa capacité à interagir avec des systèmes donnés.</li>
<li>Conformité réglementaire : Respect de l'application des normes, des conventions, des réglementations ou des prescriptions similaires.</li>
<li>Sécurité : Aptitude à empêcher tout accès non autorisé (accidentel ou délibéré) aux programmes et données.</li>
</ul>
<h4>
<a id="user-content-fiabilité" class="anchor" href="#fiabilit%C3%A9" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Fiabilité</h4>
<ul>
<li>Maturité : On s'intéresse à la fréquence des défaillances dues aux défauts logiciels</li>
<li>Tolérance aux fautes : Que se passe-t-il si on utilise mal le logiciel, est-ce que le logiciel peut maintenir un niveau de service en cas de mauvaise utilisation ou de violation de son interface.</li>
<li>Possibilité de récupération : Capacités du logiciel à rétablir son niveau de service et à restaurer les informations directement affectées en cas de défaillance. Mesure du temps et l'effort nécessaires pour le faire.</li>
</ul>
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