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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><style>body {
width: 45em;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
outline: 1300px solid #fff;
margin: 16px auto;
}
body .markdown-body
{
padding: 30px;
}
@font-face {
font-family: fontawesome-mini;
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font-size: 2em;
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word-break: keep-all;
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<title>listes</title></head><body><article class="markdown-body"><h1 id="algo-avancee-listes"><a name="user-content-algo-avancee-listes" href="#algo-avancee-listes" class="headeranchor-link" aria-hidden="true"><span class="headeranchor"></span></a>Algo avancée - Listes</h1>
<h2 id="problematique"><a name="user-content-problematique" href="#problematique" class="headeranchor-link" aria-hidden="true"><span class="headeranchor"></span></a>Problématique</h2>
<p>Les tableaux ont une taille fixe. Ce n&rsquo;est pas intéressant pour des volumes variables de données. En effet, l&rsquo;espace mémoire est une ressource. Et il ne faut pas gaspiller les ressources.<br />
L&rsquo;idée est de trouver une manière dynamique de demander de l&rsquo;espace mémoire en fonction des données à stocker. Le problème est qu&rsquo;on a plus de lien entre les cases. Il faut alors également réserver de l&rsquo;espace dans la &ldquo;case&rdquo; pour le chaînage (quel est l&rsquo;élément suivant).<br />
Cette structure de données correspond aux listes.</p>
<p>L&rsquo;avantage des listes est son dynamisme. Son inconvénient est la lenteur de l&rsquo;accès aux données (on est obligés de passer par la tête de la liste puis par toutes les cases suivantes pour accéder à une valeur).</p>
<h2 id="exercices"><a name="user-content-exercices" href="#exercices" class="headeranchor-link" aria-hidden="true"><span class="headeranchor"></span></a>Exercices</h2>
<p>Écrire un algo de création de LLC (Liste Linéaire Chaînée) avec des valeurs saisies par l&rsquo;utilisateur.</p>
<pre><code class="python">def creationliste(nbval):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: declaration
: ptr : Maillon
: cpt, val : int
: entrée nbval : int
: sortie tete : Maillon
: Précondition
: nbval &gt; 0
&quot;&quot;&quot;
#Début
cpt = 0
for cpt in range(nbval):
print(&quot;valeur n°&quot;, cpt)
val = int(input())
if cpt == 0:
tete = Maillon()
tete.val = val
ptr = tete
else:
ptr.suivant = Maillon()
ptr = ptr.suivant
ptr.val = val
#endif
#endfor
ptr.suivant = None
return(tete)
#Fin
</code></pre>
<p>Écrire deux algos de recherche dans une liste : booléen en sortie et maillon en sortie</p>
<pre><code class="python">def recherche_booleen(tete, valeur):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: declaration
: ptr : Maillon
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: valeur : X
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
ptr = tete
while ptr is not None:
if ptr.val == valeur:
return True
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
return False
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def recherche_maillon(tete, valeur):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: valeur : X
: sortie
: ptr : Maillon
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
ptr = tete
while ptr is not None:
if ptr.val == valeur:
return ptr
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
return None
# Fin
</code></pre>
<p>Écrire un algo qui compte le nombre d&rsquo;éléments dans une liste</p>
<pre><code class="python">def compte(tete):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: sortie
: compte : int
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
ptr = tete
compte = 0
while ptr is not None:
compte += 1
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
return compte
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def insereTrie(tete, maillon):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: maillon : Maillon
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if tete is None:
tete = maillon
else:
trouve = False
if maillon.val &lt;= tete.val:
maillon.suivant = tete
tete = maillon
trouve = True
# endif
if not trouve:
ptr = tete
while ptr.suivant is not None and not trouve:
if maillon.val &lt;= ptr.suivant.val and maillon.val &gt;= ptr.val:
trouve = True
maillon.suivant = ptr.suivant
ptr.suivant = maillon
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
if not trouve:
ptr.suivant = maillon
# endif
# endif
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def supprimer(tete, valeur):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: valeur : X
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if tete is not None:
ptr = tete
precedent = None
trouve = False
if tete.val == valeur:
trouve = True
while ptr.suivant is not None and not trouve:
precedent = ptr
if ptr.suivant.val == valeur:
trouve = True
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
if (not trouve and ptr.val == valeur) or trouve:
precedent.suivant = ptr.suivant
free(ptr)
# endif
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def combiner(tete1, tete2):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete1, tete2 : Maillon
: precondition :
: Les deux listes sont triées
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if not tete1:
return tete2
elif not tete2:
return tete1
# endif
tete3 = Maillon()
tete3.val = tete1.val if tete1.val &lt;= tete2.val else tete2.val
tete3.suivant = None
ptr1, ptr2, ptr3 = tete1, tete2, tete3
while ptr1 or ptr2:
ptr3.suivant = Maillon()
if not ptr2 and ptr1:
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr1.val
ptr1 = ptr1.suivant
elif not ptr1:
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr2.val
ptr2 = ptr2.suivant
else:
if (ptr1.val &lt;= ptr2.val):
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr1.val
ptr1 = ptr1.suivant
else:
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr2.val
ptr2 = ptr2.suivant
# endif
# endif
# endwhile
return tete3
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def autreCombiner(tete1, tete2):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete1, tete2 : Maillon
: precondition :
: Les deux listes sont triées
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if not tete1:
return tete2
elif not tete2:
return tete1
# endif
tete3 = Maillon()
tete3.val = tete1.val
tete3.suivant = None
ptr1, ptr2, ptr3 = tete1, tete2, tete3
# On copie la liste 1 dans celle qu'on retourne.
while ptr1:
ptr3.suivant = Maillon()
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr1.val
ptr1 = ptr1.suivant
ptr3 = ptr3.suivant
# endwhile
# On utilise l'algo précédemment écrit pour insérer la deuxième.
while ptr2:
insereTrie(tete3, ptr2)
ptr2 = ptr2.suivant
# endwhile
return tete3
</code></pre>
<p>Éclater une liste en deux listes contenant les nombres pairs et impairs.<br />
<pre><code class="python">def autreCombiner(tete1, tete2):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete1, tete2 : Maillon
: precondition :
: Les deux listes sont triées
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if not tete1:
return tete2
elif not tete2:
return tete1
# endif
tete3 = Maillon()
tete3.val = tete1.val
tete3.suivant = None
ptr1, ptr2, ptr3 = tete1, tete2, tete3
# On copie la liste 1 dans celle qu'on retourne.
while ptr1:
ptr3.suivant = Maillon()
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr1.val
ptr1 = ptr1.suivant
ptr3 = ptr3.suivant
# endwhile
# On utilise l'algo précédemment écrit pour insérer la deuxième.
while ptr2:
insereTrie(tete3, ptr2)
ptr2 = ptr2.suivant
# endwhile
return tete3
</code></pre></p></article></body></html>
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