104 lines
23 KiB
HTML
104 lines
23 KiB
HTML
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</head>
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<body class="markdown metro-vibes">
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<h1 id="algo-avancée---listes"><a name="algo-avancée---listes" href="#algo-avancée---listes"></a>Algo avancée - Listes</h1><p class="toc" style="undefined"></p><ul>
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<li><ul>
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<li><span class="title">
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<a href="#problématique" title="Problématique">Problématique</a>
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</span>
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<!--span class="number">
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0
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</span-->
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</li>
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<li><span class="title">
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<a href="#les-piles" title="Les piles">Les piles</a>
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</span>
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<!--span class="number">
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1
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</span-->
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<ul>
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<li><span class="title">
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<a href="#modélisation-liste" title="Modélisation liste">Modélisation liste</a>
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</span>
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<!--span class="number">
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2
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</span-->
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</li>
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<li><span class="title">
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<a href="#modélisation-tableau" title="Modélisation tableau">Modélisation tableau</a>
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</span>
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<!--span class="number">
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3
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</span-->
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><span class="title">
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<a href="#problèmes" title="Problèmes">Problèmes</a>
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</span>
|
||
<!--span class="number">
|
||
4
|
||
</span-->
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><span class="title">
|
||
<a href="#bien-parenthésé-?" title="Bien parenthésé ?">Bien parenthésé ?</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<!--span class="number">
|
||
5
|
||
</span-->
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p></p><h2 id="problématique"><a name="problématique" href="#problématique"></a>Problématique</h2><p>Les tableaux et les listes sont des structures basiques et ne permettent pas la résolution de certains problèmes.</p><h2 id="les-piles"><a name="les-piles" href="#les-piles"></a>Les piles</h2><p>Les piles sont comme une pile d’assiettes.<br>On dispose de fonctions permettant les opérations sur les piles :</p><pre class="python hljs">p = creer_pile()
|
||
empiler(p, e)
|
||
depiler(p)
|
||
elt = sommet(p)
|
||
vide = pile_vide(p)
|
||
pleine = pile_pleine(p)
|
||
</pre><p>On peut modéliser les piles de différentes manières</p><h3 id="modélisation-liste"><a name="modélisation-liste" href="#modélisation-liste"></a>Modélisation liste</h3><p>On peut voir les piles comme des listes :<br>La tête s’appelle maintenant sommet, on empile en ajoutant un élément avant la tête, on dépile en enlevant le sommet et en le déplaçant.<br>La pile ici ne sera jamais pleine.</p><pre class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">creer_pile</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
|
||
p = Pile(sommet=<span class="hljs-keyword">None</span>)
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> p
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">pile_vide</span><span class="hljs-params">(p)</span>:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> p.sommet == <span class="hljs-keyword">None</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">empile</span><span class="hljs-params">(p, e)</span>:</span>
|
||
ptr = new_maillon()
|
||
ptr.suivant = p.sommet
|
||
ptr.valeur = e
|
||
p.sommet = ptr
|
||
</pre><h3 id="modélisation-tableau"><a name="modélisation-tableau" href="#modélisation-tableau"></a>Modélisation tableau</h3><p>Renvoi au cours d’algo.</p><h2 id="problèmes"><a name="problèmes" href="#problèmes"></a>Problèmes</h2><h3 id="bien-parenthésé-?"><a name="bien-parenthésé-?" href="#bien-parenthésé-?"></a>Bien parenthésé ?</h3><p>On cherche à déterminer si une expression est bien parenthésée ou non. On va utiliser les piles pour résoudre ce problème :</p><pre class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">check_parentheses</span><span class="hljs-params">(expression)</span>:</span>
|
||
pile = creer_pile()
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> car <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> expression:
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> car == <span class="hljs-string">'('</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> car == <span class="hljs-string">'['</span>:
|
||
empile(pile, car)
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> car == <span class="hljs-string">')'</span>:
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> pile_vide(pile) <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> sommet(pile) != <span class="hljs-string">'('</span>:
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">False</span>
|
||
depile(pile)
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> car == <span class="hljs-string">']'</span>:
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> pile_vide(pile) <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> sommet(pile) != <span class="hljs-string">'[]'</span>:
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">False</span>
|
||
depile(pile)
|
||
i += <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> pile_vide(pile)
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
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