Md-IUT-Cours/gpi/1-Estimation_de_la_charge.html

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<title>1-Estimation_de_la_charge</title></head><body><article class="markdown-body"><h1>
<a id="user-content-méthodes-destimation-de-la-charge" class="anchor" href="#m%C3%A9thodes-destimation-de-la-charge" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Méthodes d'estimation de la charge</h1>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-méthode-expert-ou-delphi" class="anchor" href="#m%C3%A9thode-expert-ou-delphi" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Méthode EXPERT (ou DELPHI)</h2>
<p>On fait appel à des experts pour donner une estimation sur le sujet.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Experts</th>
<th>Applications jugées comparables en charge</th>
<th> Charges correspondantes</th>
<th>1ères estimations</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>A</td>
<td>D04</td>
<td>9 m-h</td>
<td>[8;13] -&gt; 10 m-h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>K67</td>
<td>13 m-h</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>RESA</td>
<td>8 m-h</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B</td>
<td>IA55</td>
<td>6 m-h</td>
<td>[5;6] -&gt; 8 m-h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>SCI8</td>
<td>5 m-h</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>BIB1</td>
<td>6 m-h</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C</td>
<td>APP</td>
<td>14 m-h</td>
<td>[14;21] -&gt; 14 m-h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>ASS8</td>
<td>21 m-h</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>D</td>
<td>K67</td>
<td>13 m-h</td>
<td>[13;21] -&gt; 15 m-h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>APP</td>
<td>14 m-h</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>ASS8</td>
<td>21 m-h</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>On s'entendra peut-être sur <strong>12 m-h</strong></p>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-méthode-par-répartition-proportionnelle" class="anchor" href="#m%C3%A9thode-par-r%C3%A9partition-proportionnelle" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Méthode par répartition proportionnelle</h2>
<p>On utilise la méthode MERISE qui estime qu'il y a des étapes par lesquelles il faut passer. En connaissant les proportions de répartition, on peut déduire du temps de la première phase, la durée de tout le projet. </p>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-répartition" class="anchor" href="#r%C3%A9partition" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Répartition</h3>
<ol>
<li>Étude préalable <strong>(10%)</strong>
<ul>
<li>Observation, on rencontre le client <strong>(1/3)</strong> :
<ul>
<li>On complète la rédaction du CdC qui devient un CdC de réalisation
<ul>
<li>DRH : 2 j</li>
<li>DG : 1,5 j</li>
<li>DIVERS : 3 j</li>
<li>Appro + Log : 0,5 j</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Total : 7 j</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Conception - Organisation</li>
<li>Appréciation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Étude détaillée</li>
<li>Réalisation</li>
</ol>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-estimation" class="anchor" href="#estimation" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Estimation</h3>
<p>$7\textrm{ j-h} * 3 = 21\textrm{ j-h}$<br>
Projet estimé à $21\textrm{ j-h} * 10 = 210\textrm{ j-h}$<br>
Soit <strong>~11 m-h de 20 jours ouvrés</strong></p>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-méthode-cocomo" class="anchor" href="#m%C3%A9thode-cocomo" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Méthode COCOMO</h2>
<p>$$\textrm{Charge brute} = a * \textrm{KISL}^b$$</p>
<p><code>KISL</code> = Kilo Instruction Source Livrée</p>
<p>$$\textrm{Délai} = c * \textrm{Charge brute}^d$$ </p>
<p><code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, <code>c</code> et <code>d</code> sont à choisir par l'utilisateur de la méthode. </p>
<p>$$\textrm{Charge nette} = \textrm{Charge brute} * \Pi(\textrm{Coeffs de niv. d'exigence})$$</p>
<p>Délai :</p>
<ul>
<li>Techniquement possible</li>
<li>Commercialement acceptable</li>
</ul>
<p>Ici : </p>
<p>$$\textrm{Charge} = 2.4 * 5^{1.05} = 13\textrm{ m-h}$$
$$\textrm{Délai} = 2.5 * 13^{0.38} = 7\textrm{ mois}$$</p>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-méthode-diebold" class="anchor" href="#m%C3%A9thode-diebold" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Méthode DIEBOLD</h2>
<p>$$\textrm{Charge (en j-h)} = \textrm{KISL} * \textrm{Complexité} * \textrm{Savoir-faire} * \textrm{Connaissance}$$<br>
$\textrm{Complexité} \in [10;40]$<br>
$\textrm{Savoir faire} \in [0.65;2]$<br>
$\textrm{Connaissance} \in [1;2]$<br>
$$\textrm{Charge} = 5 * \frac{40 * 8 + 25 * 19 + 10 * 10}{37} * 1 * 1.5 = 180 \textrm{ j-h}$$ </p>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-méthode-analytique" class="anchor" href="#m%C3%A9thode-analytique" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Méthode analytique</h2>
<p>On aborde cette méthode quand on a signé avec le client.<br>
Il faut entrer dans le détail des tâches.</p>
<p><strong>Plusieurs grandes étapes :</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Étude préalable -&gt; 10% du projet -&gt; 20,5 j-h</li>
<li>Étude détaillée -&gt; $\frac{1}{2}$ Réalisation -&gt; 61,5 j-h</li>
<li>Réalisation -&gt; 123 j-h (voir étude de cas)
<ul>
<li>Étude technique</li>
<li>Programmation</li>
<li>Jeux d'essais</li>
<li>Tests &amp; corrections</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>$\textrm{Estimation projet} = \frac{61.5+123}{0.9} = 205\textrm{ j-h}$</p>
<p>Dans l'étape de programmation on va rechercher des tâches standards (voir tableau page 30).<br>
On arrive alors à un certain temps en j-h pour la programmation qui constitue la base. On prend un certain pourcentage de cette base pour chacune des autres étapes de la réalisation.</p>
<h2>
<a id="user-content-méthode-des-points-de-fonction" class="anchor" href="#m%C3%A9thode-des-points-de-fonction" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Méthode des points de fonction</h2>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-principe" class="anchor" href="#principe" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Principe</h3>
<p>Il faut prévoir d'autant plus de temps pour réaliser un projet :</p>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-quon-doit-intégrer-un-grand-nombre-dinformations" class="anchor" href="#quon-doit-int%C3%A9grer-un-grand-nombre-dinformations" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Qu'on doit intégrer un grand nombre d'informations</h3>
<p>5 types de composants fonctionnels :</p>
<ul>
<li>GD Internes = Entités internes à créer pour les besoins du projet
<ul>
<li>Véhicules <strong>F</strong>
</li>
<li>Marque-Modèle <strong>F</strong>
</li>
<li>Autorisation habituelle <strong>F</strong>
</li>
<li>Autorisation exceptionnelle <strong>F</strong>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>GD Externes = Entités déjà existantes dans le SI du client et sur lesquelles on s'appuie
<ul>
<li>Employés <strong>M</strong>
</li>
<li>Bâtiments <strong>M</strong>
</li>
<li>Parkings <strong>F</strong>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>ENTrées
<ul>
<li>6 (4 : une pour chaque GDI, 1 pour qu'un employé demande une autorisation exceptionnelle et 1 pour insérer les N° de véhicules dans la table employés) : 5 <strong>F</strong> &amp; 1 <strong>M</strong>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SORties
<ul>
<li>10 <strong>F</strong>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>INTerrogations
<ul>
<li>18 : 13 <strong>M</strong> &amp; 5 <strong>D</strong>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<a id="user-content-que-les-contraintes-dexploitation-sont-fortes" class="anchor" href="#que-les-contraintes-dexploitation-sont-fortes" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Que les contraintes d'exploitation sont fortes</h3>
<p>$$\textrm{DIT} = \sum{\textrm{points de niveau de difficulté d'exploitation}}$$
$$\textrm{DIT} \leq 70$$
$$\textrm{FA} = 0.65 + \frac{\textrm{DIT}}{100} = 0.9$$
$$\textrm{PFA} = \textrm{PFB} * \textrm{FA} = 112 * 0.9 \simeq 100 \textrm{points ajustés}$$</p>
<p><code>FA</code> = Fonction d'ajustement
<code>PFB</code> = Points de Fonction Bruts (ceux calculés avant)
<code>PFA</code> = Points de Fonction Ajustés</p>
<p>Au final cette méthode ne permet pas de découper le travail entre collaborateurs</p>
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