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Md-IUT-Cours/algo_avancee/listes.html

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added split lists
2015-01-05 16:17:43 +01:00
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><style>body {
width: 45em;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
outline: 1300px solid #fff;
margin: 16px auto;
}
body .markdown-body
{
padding: 30px;
}
@font-face {
font-family: fontawesome-mini;
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}
@font-face {
font-family: octicons-anchor;
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}
.markdown-body {
font-family: sans-serif;
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
color: #333333;
overflow: hidden;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Segoe UI", Arial, freesans, sans-serif;
font-size: 16px;
line-height: 1.6;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
.markdown-body a {
background: transparent;
}
.markdown-body a:active,
.markdown-body a:hover {
outline: 0;
}
.markdown-body b,
.markdown-body strong {
font-weight: bold;
}
.markdown-body mark {
background: #ff0;
color: #000;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: bold;
}
.markdown-body sub,
.markdown-body sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
.markdown-body sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
.markdown-body sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
.markdown-body h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
.markdown-body img {
border: 0;
}
.markdown-body hr {
-moz-box-sizing: content-box;
box-sizing: content-box;
height: 0;
}
.markdown-body pre {
overflow: auto;
}
.markdown-body code,
.markdown-body kbd,
.markdown-body pre,
.markdown-body samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace;
font-size: 1em;
}
.markdown-body input {
color: inherit;
font: inherit;
margin: 0;
}
.markdown-body html input[disabled] {
cursor: default;
}
.markdown-body input {
line-height: normal;
}
.markdown-body input[type="checkbox"] {
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 0;
}
.markdown-body table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
.markdown-body td,
.markdown-body th {
padding: 0;
}
.markdown-body .codehilitetable {
border: 0;
border-spacing: 0;
}
.markdown-body .codehilitetable tr {
border: 0;
}
.markdown-body .codehilitetable pre,
.markdown-body .codehilitetable div.codehilite {
margin: 0;
}
.markdown-body .linenos,
.markdown-body .code,
.markdown-body .codehilitetable td {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.markdown-body td:not(.linenos) .linenodiv {
padding: 0 !important;
}
.markdown-body .code {
width: 100%;
}
.markdown-body .linenos div pre,
.markdown-body .linenodiv pre,
.markdown-body .linenodiv {
border: 0;
-webkit-border-radius: 0;
-moz-border-radius: 0;
border-radius: 0;
-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 3px;
-webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 3px;
-moz-border-radius-topleft: 3px;
-moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 3px;
border-top-left-radius: 3px;
border-bottom-left-radius: 3px;
}
.markdown-body .code div pre,
.markdown-body .code div {
border: 0;
-webkit-border-radius: 0;
-moz-border-radius: 0;
border-radius: 0;
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 3px;
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 3px;
-moz-border-radius-topright: 3px;
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 3px;
border-top-right-radius: 3px;
border-bottom-right-radius: 3px;
}
.markdown-body * {
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.markdown-body input {
font: 13px Helvetica, arial, freesans, clean, sans-serif, "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";
line-height: 1.4;
}
.markdown-body a {
color: #4183c4;
text-decoration: none;
}
.markdown-body a:hover,
.markdown-body a:focus,
.markdown-body a:active {
text-decoration: underline;
}
.markdown-body hr {
height: 0;
margin: 15px 0;
overflow: hidden;
background: transparent;
border: 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
.markdown-body hr:before,
.markdown-body hr:after {
display: table;
content: " ";
}
.markdown-body hr:after {
clear: both;
}
.markdown-body h1,
.markdown-body h2,
.markdown-body h3,
.markdown-body h4,
.markdown-body h5,
.markdown-body h6 {
margin-top: 15px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
line-height: 1.1;
}
.markdown-body h1 {
font-size: 30px;
}
.markdown-body h2 {
font-size: 21px;
}
.markdown-body h3 {
font-size: 16px;
}
.markdown-body h4 {
font-size: 14px;
}
.markdown-body h5 {
font-size: 12px;
}
.markdown-body h6 {
font-size: 11px;
}
.markdown-body blockquote {
margin: 0;
}
.markdown-body ul,
.markdown-body ol {
padding: 0;
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.markdown-body ol ol,
.markdown-body ul ol {
list-style-type: lower-roman;
}
.markdown-body ul ul ol,
.markdown-body ul ol ol,
.markdown-body ol ul ol,
.markdown-body ol ol ol {
list-style-type: lower-alpha;
}
.markdown-body dd {
margin-left: 0;
}
.markdown-body code,
.markdown-body pre,
.markdown-body samp {
font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, Courier, monospace;
font-size: 12px;
}
.markdown-body pre {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.markdown-body kbd {
background-color: #e7e7e7;
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(#fefefe, #e7e7e7);
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(#fefefe, #e7e7e7);
background-image: linear-gradient(#fefefe, #e7e7e7);
background-repeat: repeat-x;
border-radius: 2px;
border: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
color: #000;
padding: 3px 5px;
line-height: 10px;
font: 11px Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, Courier, monospace;
display: inline-block;
}
.markdown-body>*:first-child {
margin-top: 0 !important;
}
.markdown-body>*:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.markdown-body .headeranchor-link {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
display: block;
padding-right: 6px;
padding-left: 30px;
margin-left: -30px;
}
.markdown-body .headeranchor-link:focus {
outline: none;
}
.markdown-body h1,
.markdown-body h2,
.markdown-body h3,
.markdown-body h4,
.markdown-body h5,
.markdown-body h6 {
position: relative;
margin-top: 1em;
margin-bottom: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.4;
}
.markdown-body h1 .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h2 .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h3 .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h4 .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h5 .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h6 .headeranchor {
display: none;
color: #000;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.markdown-body h1:hover .headeranchor-link,
.markdown-body h2:hover .headeranchor-link,
.markdown-body h3:hover .headeranchor-link,
.markdown-body h4:hover .headeranchor-link,
.markdown-body h5:hover .headeranchor-link,
.markdown-body h6:hover .headeranchor-link {
height: 1em;
padding-left: 8px;
margin-left: -30px;
line-height: 1;
text-decoration: none;
}
.markdown-body h1:hover .headeranchor-link .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h2:hover .headeranchor-link .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h3:hover .headeranchor-link .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h4:hover .headeranchor-link .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h5:hover .headeranchor-link .headeranchor,
.markdown-body h6:hover .headeranchor-link .headeranchor {
display: inline-block;
}
.markdown-body h1 {
padding-bottom: 0.3em;
font-size: 2.25em;
line-height: 1.2;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.markdown-body h2 {
padding-bottom: 0.3em;
font-size: 1.75em;
line-height: 1.225;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.markdown-body h3 {
font-size: 1.5em;
line-height: 1.43;
}
.markdown-body h4 {
font-size: 1.25em;
}
.markdown-body h5 {
font-size: 1em;
}
.markdown-body h6 {
font-size: 1em;
color: #777;
}
.markdown-body p,
.markdown-body blockquote,
.markdown-body ul,
.markdown-body ol,
.markdown-body dl,
.markdown-body table,
.markdown-body pre,
.markdown-body .admonition {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.markdown-body hr {
height: 4px;
padding: 0;
margin: 16px 0;
background-color: #e7e7e7;
border: 0 none;
}
.markdown-body ul,
.markdown-body ol {
padding-left: 2em;
}
.markdown-body ul ul,
.markdown-body ul ol,
.markdown-body ol ol,
.markdown-body ol ul {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.markdown-body li>p {
margin-top: 16px;
}
.markdown-body dl {
padding: 0;
}
.markdown-body dl dt {
padding: 0;
margin-top: 16px;
font-size: 1em;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: bold;
}
.markdown-body dl dd {
padding: 0 16px;
margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.markdown-body blockquote {
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777;
border-left: 4px solid #ddd;
}
.markdown-body blockquote>:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
.markdown-body blockquote>:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.markdown-body table {
display: block;
width: 100%;
overflow: auto;
word-break: normal;
word-break: keep-all;
}
.markdown-body table th {
font-weight: bold;
}
.markdown-body table th,
.markdown-body table td {
padding: 6px 13px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
}
.markdown-body table tr {
background-color: #fff;
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
}
.markdown-body table tr:nth-child(2n) {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
.markdown-body img {
max-width: 100%;
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.markdown-body code,
.markdown-body samp {
padding: 0;
padding-top: 0.2em;
padding-bottom: 0.2em;
margin: 0;
font-size: 85%;
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
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<title>listes</title></head><body><article class="markdown-body"><h1 id="algo-avancee-listes"><a name="user-content-algo-avancee-listes" href="#algo-avancee-listes" class="headeranchor-link" aria-hidden="true"><span class="headeranchor"></span></a>Algo avancée - Listes</h1>
<h2 id="problematique"><a name="user-content-problematique" href="#problematique" class="headeranchor-link" aria-hidden="true"><span class="headeranchor"></span></a>Problématique</h2>
<p>Les tableaux ont une taille fixe. Ce n&rsquo;est pas intéressant pour des volumes variables de données. En effet, l&rsquo;espace mémoire est une ressource. Et il ne faut pas gaspiller les ressources.<br />
L&rsquo;idée est de trouver une manière dynamique de demander de l&rsquo;espace mémoire en fonction des données à stocker. Le problème est qu&rsquo;on a plus de lien entre les cases. Il faut alors également réserver de l&rsquo;espace dans la &ldquo;case&rdquo; pour le chaînage (quel est l&rsquo;élément suivant).<br />
Cette structure de données correspond aux listes.</p>
<p>L&rsquo;avantage des listes est son dynamisme. Son inconvénient est la lenteur de l&rsquo;accès aux données (on est obligés de passer par la tête de la liste puis par toutes les cases suivantes pour accéder à une valeur).</p>
<h2 id="exercices"><a name="user-content-exercices" href="#exercices" class="headeranchor-link" aria-hidden="true"><span class="headeranchor"></span></a>Exercices</h2>
<p>Écrire un algo de création de LLC (Liste Linéaire Chaînée) avec des valeurs saisies par l&rsquo;utilisateur.</p>
<pre><code class="python">def creationliste(nbval):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: declaration
: ptr : Maillon
: cpt, val : int
: entrée nbval : int
: sortie tete : Maillon
: Précondition
: nbval &gt; 0
&quot;&quot;&quot;
#Début
cpt = 0
for cpt in range(nbval):
print(&quot;valeur n°&quot;, cpt)
val = int(input())
if cpt == 0:
tete = Maillon()
tete.val = val
ptr = tete
else:
ptr.suivant = Maillon()
ptr = ptr.suivant
ptr.val = val
#endif
#endfor
ptr.suivant = None
return(tete)
#Fin
</code></pre>
<p>Écrire deux algos de recherche dans une liste : booléen en sortie et maillon en sortie</p>
<pre><code class="python">def recherche_booleen(tete, valeur):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: declaration
: ptr : Maillon
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: valeur : X
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
ptr = tete
while ptr is not None:
if ptr.val == valeur:
return True
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
return False
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def recherche_maillon(tete, valeur):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: valeur : X
: sortie
: ptr : Maillon
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
ptr = tete
while ptr is not None:
if ptr.val == valeur:
return ptr
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
return None
# Fin
</code></pre>
<p>Écrire un algo qui compte le nombre d&rsquo;éléments dans une liste</p>
<pre><code class="python">def compte(tete):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: sortie
: compte : int
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
ptr = tete
compte = 0
while ptr is not None:
compte += 1
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
return compte
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def insereTrie(tete, maillon):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: maillon : Maillon
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if tete is None:
tete = maillon
else:
trouve = False
if maillon.val &lt;= tete.val:
maillon.suivant = tete
tete = maillon
trouve = True
# endif
if not trouve:
ptr = tete
while ptr.suivant is not None and not trouve:
if maillon.val &lt;= ptr.suivant.val and maillon.val &gt;= ptr.val:
trouve = True
maillon.suivant = ptr.suivant
ptr.suivant = maillon
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
if not trouve:
ptr.suivant = maillon
# endif
# endif
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def supprimer(tete, valeur):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete : Maillon
: valeur : X
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if tete is not None:
ptr = tete
precedent = None
trouve = False
if tete.val == valeur:
trouve = True
while ptr.suivant is not None and not trouve:
precedent = ptr
if ptr.suivant.val == valeur:
trouve = True
ptr = ptr.suivant
# endwhile
if (not trouve and ptr.val == valeur) or trouve:
precedent.suivant = ptr.suivant
free(ptr)
# endif
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def combiner(tete1, tete2):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete1, tete2 : Maillon
: precondition :
: Les deux listes sont triées
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if not tete1:
return tete2
elif not tete2:
return tete1
# endif
tete3 = Maillon()
tete3.val = tete1.val if tete1.val &lt;= tete2.val else tete2.val
tete3.suivant = None
ptr1, ptr2, ptr3 = tete1, tete2, tete3
while ptr1 or ptr2:
ptr3.suivant = Maillon()
if not ptr2 and ptr1:
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr1.val
ptr1 = ptr1.suivant
elif not ptr1:
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr2.val
ptr2 = ptr2.suivant
else:
if (ptr1.val &lt;= ptr2.val):
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr1.val
ptr1 = ptr1.suivant
else:
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr2.val
ptr2 = ptr2.suivant
# endif
# endif
# endwhile
return tete3
# Fin
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="python">def autreCombiner(tete1, tete2):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete1, tete2 : Maillon
: precondition :
: Les deux listes sont triées
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if not tete1:
return tete2
elif not tete2:
return tete1
# endif
tete3 = Maillon()
tete3.val = tete1.val
tete3.suivant = None
ptr1, ptr2, ptr3 = tete1, tete2, tete3
# On copie la liste 1 dans celle qu'on retourne.
while ptr1:
ptr3.suivant = Maillon()
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr1.val
ptr1 = ptr1.suivant
ptr3 = ptr3.suivant
# endwhile
# On utilise l'algo précédemment écrit pour insérer la deuxième.
while ptr2:
insereTrie(tete3, ptr2)
ptr2 = ptr2.suivant
# endwhile
return tete3
</code></pre>
<p>Éclater une liste en deux listes contenant les nombres pairs et impairs.<br />
<pre><code class="python">def autreCombiner(tete1, tete2):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
: entrées
: tete1, tete2 : Maillon
: precondition :
: Les deux listes sont triées
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Début
if not tete1:
return tete2
elif not tete2:
return tete1
# endif
tete3 = Maillon()
tete3.val = tete1.val
tete3.suivant = None
ptr1, ptr2, ptr3 = tete1, tete2, tete3
# On copie la liste 1 dans celle qu'on retourne.
while ptr1:
ptr3.suivant = Maillon()
ptr3.suivant.val = ptr1.val
ptr1 = ptr1.suivant
ptr3 = ptr3.suivant
# endwhile
# On utilise l'algo précédemment écrit pour insérer la deuxième.
while ptr2:
insereTrie(tete3, ptr2)
ptr2 = ptr2.suivant
# endwhile
return tete3
</code></pre></p></article></body></html>
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